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The ethnic origin is as heterogeneous as the religious affiliation. The major religious communities are the Ethiopian-Orthodox Christians (particularly Amhara) and the Sunnite Muslims (particularly Oromos). Then there are the Catholics, followers of natural religions, members of the Ethiopian-Evangelical Church, Hindus and Sikhs.

A special role is played by the Falasha. This community of Ethiopian Jews is older than the Talmud. In 1984 and 1991 Israel flew out more than 25,000 Falasha from the valleys between Gondar and Aksum to the Holy Land with a secret airlift. Today only about 3,800 Falasha remain in Ethiopia.
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